BBO

  Beta-barium borate (BBO) has the following exceptional properties that make it a very important nonlinear crystal:
  Broad phase-matching range from 410 nm to 2100 nm
  Useful optical transmission from 190 nm to 3500 nm
  Large effective second-harmonic-generation (SHG) coefficient about 6 times greater than that of KDP crystal
  High damage threshold of 10GW/cm2 for 100ps pulse-width at 1064nm
  High optical homogeneity with dn » 10^-6/cm
  Wide temperature-bandwidth of about 55°C
  Low thermo-optic coefficient
  BBO is grown with the flux method. It is a negative uniaxial crystal, with ordinary refractive-index (no) larger than extraordinary refractive-index (ne)


Structural and Physical Properties
  Crystal Structure Trigonal, space group R3c
  Cell Parameters a = b = 12.532 Å, c = 12.717Å, Z = 6
  Melting point 1095+ 5°C
  Transition temperature 925+ 5°C
  Optical homogeneity dn » 10-6/cm
  Mohs hardness 4
  Density 3.85 g/cm3
  Absorption coefficient < 0.1%/cm (at 1064nm)
  Specific heat 1.91J/cm3xK
  Hygroscopic susceptibility Low
  Thermal expansion coefficients a, 4 x 10-6/K;  c, 36 x 10-6/K
  Thermal conductivity ^c, 1.2 W/m/K;  //c, 1.6 W/m/K


Linear Optical Properties
  Transparency range 189-3500 nm
  Sellmeier equations ( l in m m) no2 =2.7359+0.01878/( l 2 -0.01822)-0.01354l2
ne2 =2.3753+0.01224/( l 2 -0.01667)-0.01516l2
  Refractive indices

  at 1064 nm
  at 532 nm
  at 266 nm

ne = 1.5425, no = 1.6551
ne = 1.5555, no = 1.6749
ne = 1.6146, no = 1.7571
  Therm-optic coefficients dno/dT = -9.3 x 10-6/ã¡C
dne/dT = -16.6 x 10-6/ã¡C


Nonlinear Optical Properties
  Phase-matchable output wavelengths 189 - 1750 nm
  NLO coefficients d11 = 5.8 x d36(KDP)
d31 = 0.05 x d11

d22 < 0.05 x d11
  Effective nonlinearity expressions dooe= d31 sinq +(d11 cos3f - d22 sin3f) cosq
deoe= (d11 sin3f + d22 cos3f) cos2q
  Electro-optic coefficients g11 = 2.7 pm/V, g22, g31 < 0.1g11
  Half-wave voltage 48 KV (at 1064 nm)
  Damage threshold
  at 1064nm
  at 532nm

5 GW/cm2 (10 ns); 10 GW/cm2 (1.3 ns)
1 GW/cm2 (10 ns); 7 GW/cm2 (250 ps)


Application
    BBO is of particular importance in the visible and far UV. A wide variety of phase-matching applications are possible, including the following:
  Second, third, fourth and fifth harmonic generation of Nd doping lasers
  Second harmonic generation to generate wavelengths as short as 204.8nm
  Shorter wavelengths (193nm) can be generated by sum frequency mixing
  Second, third and fourth harmonic generation of Ti:Sapphire lasers
  Optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and optical parametric oscillators (OPO)
  Frequency-doubling of Argon ion, Cu-vapor and Ruby lasers
  Transverse field Pockel cells made from BBO useful when high average powers or short wavelengths used
    SHG and SFG
   
    Because of a small acceptance angle and large walk-off, good laser beam quality (small divergence, good mode condition, etc.) is the key for BBO to obtain high conversion efficiency. Tight focus of laser beam is not recommended. BBO is the only NLO material which can be used to produce the fifth harmonic generation (5HG) of Nd:YAG lasers at 213 nm.
 

Relevant NLO properties for type I BBO crystal

 

SHG

SHG

SHG

SHG

Effective NLO Coefficient (d 36 (KDP))

5.3

4.9

3.8

3.4

Acceptance Angle (mrad-cm)

1.0

0.5

0.3

0.2

Walk-off Angle (°)

3.2

4.1

4.9

5.5

  Ultrafast Pulse (Ti:sapphire) Laser

  Frequency-doubling and -tripling of ultrashort-pulse lasers are the applications in which BBO shows superior properties to KDP and ADP crystals. As thin as 0.02mm BBO for this purpose is available.. A laser pulse as short as 10 fs can be efficiently frequency-doubled with a thin BBO, in terms of both phase-velocity and group-velocity matching.
  BBO's OPO and OPA

  The OPO and OPA of BBO are powerful tools for generating a widely tunable coherent radiation from the UV to IR. The tuning angles of type I and type II BBO OPO and OPA have been calculated, with the results shown in folowing, respectively.

 


BBO's Specifications
   

Wavefront distortion

less than l/8 @ 633nm

Dimension tolerance

(W ± 0.1mm) x (H ± 0.1mm) x (L + 0.2mm/-0.1mm)

Clear aperture:

> 90% central area

Flatness:

l/8 @ 633nm

Scratch/Dig code:

10/5 to MIL-O-13830A

Parallelism:

better than 20 arc seconds

Perpendicularity:

5 arc minutes

Angle tolerance:

Dq<±0.3°, Df<±0.3°

Quality Warranty Period:

one year under proper use



Coatings
    1.P-Coating: The protective dielectric coating protects the BBO polished surfaces from fogging due to ambient moisture. The protective coating also reduces reflection from the polished surface and improves transmission for all wavelengths that are used.
    2. Anti-reflective coatings (AR-coating): Single-band, dual-band AR-coating and broad-band AR Coating on BBO surface are available from CRYSTECH.


Note
    1. BBO has a low susceptibility to the moisture. The user is advised to provide dry conditions for both the use and preservation of BBO.
    2. BBO is relatively soft and therefore requires precautions to protect its polished surfaces.
    3. When angle adjusting is necessary, keep in mind that the acceptance angle of BBO is small.


Standard Product

Part No.

Dimension

Application

Coating

Type

BBO1407

4x4x 7mm

S(T)HG@1064nm

AR coating

I or II

BBO1410

4x4x 10mm

S(T)HG@1064nm

AR coating

I or II

BBO1847

8x4x 7mm

SHG for Dye laser

P-coating

I

BBO1551

5x5x 1mm

S(T)HG @800nm

P-Coating

I

BBO1550

5x5x 0.1mm

S(T)HG @800nm

P-coating

I

BBO1865

8x6x 15mm

OPO

AR/AR Coating

I or II